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What is instructional Design?
Most persons are not aware of what instructionsal design is. In short , instructional design is the systematic process by which instructional materials are designed, developed, and delivered. (www.neiu.edu)
Merrill's First Principles of Instruction:
Many current instructional design model suggest that the most effective learning environment are those that are problem-based and involve the students in four distinct phases of learning:
A) Activation of prior experience.
B) Demonstration of skills.
C) Application of skills.
D) Integration of skills into real world activities.
The illustration below demonstrates these ideas:
PROBLEM
INTEGRATION
ACTIVATION
APPLICATION
DEMONSTRATION
At the top level the instructional design prescriptions based on the first principles are as follows:
i) Learning is facilitated when learners are engaged in solving real-world problems.
ii) Learning is facilitated when existing knowledge is activated as a foundation for new knowledge.
ii) Learning is facilitated when new knowledge is demonstrated to the leaner.
iv) Learning is facilitated when new knowledge is applied by the learner.
v) Learning is facilitated when new knowledge is integrated into the leaner's world.
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